AQUIFER MAPPING PROJECT IN MAHARASHTRA AT A GLANCE
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Assessment Unit
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Watershed
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Name / Code
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Chandrabhaga / WGKKC – 2
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Area
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360 sq.km / 36,00,000 ha
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District
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Nagpur
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Taluk / Block
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Kalmeshwar, Nagpur (rural), Katol
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No. of Towns / Villages
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1 / 60
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Approx. population in the Taluks
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Rural : 4.7 lakh (Kalmeshwar, Nagpur rural, Katol)
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Figure 3.1: Aerial view of area.
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Normal Annual Rainfall
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985 mm
839 mm in June to Sept. (SW monsoon)
72 mm in Sept. to Dec. (NE monsoon)
73 mm in Jan. to May (non-monsoon)
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No. of annual rainy days
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58
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River Basin
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Godavari/ Wainganga/ Kanhan/ Kolar
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Major rivers / streams
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Chandrabhaga, Saptadhara, Mortham nala
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Figure 3.2: Location map of study area.
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Geology
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Mostly Deccan trap basalt (313 sq.km) and Gondwana formation of Permian age in north
eastern part (47 sq.km)
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Hydrogeology
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4 types of subsurface hydrogeological conditions encountered up to 200m depth: (a)
the entire 200m depth section of Deccan basalt, (b) Deccan basalts underlain by
Gondwana sediments at depths, (c) Deccan basalts underlain by granite-gneiss, and
(d) the entire 200m depth section of Gondwana sediments (eastern part of watershed)
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Aquifers
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Weathered, fractured & vesicular basalt; Sandstones.
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Figure 3.3: Schematic view of aquifers in Deccan trap and underlying Gondwama
sediment.
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Land use
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Majority of the area covered by agricultural land (256 sq.km / ha). Wasteland and
forests mostly observed in the western part of the watershed (33 and 12 sq.km respectively).
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Major crops
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Wheat, Paddy, Orange
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Agriculture
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Rainfed crops : approx. 21400 ha
Irrigation canals : 650 ha
Ground water : 3591 ha
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Major Irrigation tanks / reservoirs
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3
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Wells: dug wells
bore / tube wells
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4294
228
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Depth to water table (Min. / Max.)
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0.6 / 11.2 m below ground level
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Ground water level trend
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Pre-monsoon : Negligible Rise (about 0.01 m/yr)
Post-monsoon : Negligible rise (about 0.01 m/yr)
Annual : Moderate rising trend
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Figure 3.4: Pre-monsoon depth to water level, May 2012.
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Ground Water Resources (2008-09)
Recharge due to rainfall)
Recharge due to other sources)
Annual Ground Water Recharge)
Natural discharge)
Net Ground Water resource available
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Monsoon season
44.81 MCM
0.20 MCM
60.89 MCM
3.04 MCM
57.85 MCM
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Non-monsoon season
6.10 MCM
9.76 MCM
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Draft for irrigation
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36.12 MCM
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Demand for domestic & industries
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2.33 MCM
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Balance for future irrigatoin use
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17.05 MCM
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Stage of ground water development
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66.48 %
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Groundwater quality
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GW quality in general is good for drinking and irrigation, except nitrate contamination
at places and industrial/ agriculture pollution is yet to be established.
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Major issues
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Ground water pollution; unsustainable aquifers; assessment of ground water potential
in deeper aquifers.
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Methodology of study
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Monthly monitoring of KOW, detailed well inventory, and pumping test on shallow
wells for phreatic aquifers and exploratory drilling and evaluation & determination
of aquifer parameters. Surface GP survey on grid pattern and subsurface GP on deep
aquifers.
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Expected outcomes of aquifer mapping
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Identification of potential sustainable aquifers; better picture of aquifer geometry
including geological structures; aquifer inter-relationship; model for preparing
management plans for each aquifer; establishing protocol for geophysical surveys
in similar environment.
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Geographical applicability of the methodology
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Mostly Maharashtra, parts of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh.
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